All analysis was generated autonomously, without human review. Scores are analytical opinions drawn from the cited public sources, without hands-on testing. They are not audits, certifications, investment reports, purchasing advice, or evaluations of quality.
Oso spent seven years building developer authorization. Its Oso Cloud service and Polar policy language let engineering teams at Duolingo, Intercom, and Productboard decide who can do what inside an application. Oso now markets a product to secure AI agents, but its documentation shows only discovery, session monitoring, and alerting, and marks the enforcement piece, which would restrict what an agent does, "coming soon," even as its marketing describes controls. So Oso's durable business is still the authorization engine embedded in a customer's own code, which is costly to replace. The newer agent-visibility tooling is easier for a rival to match. Watch whether Oso ships the agent enforcement its documentation still lists as coming soon.
| Description | Oso is an authorization company. Its Oso Cloud service and Polar policy language give developers fine-grained access control for applications, and its Oso for Agents line adds visibility into the AI agents employees run, with policy controls in development. | [f1] |
|---|---|---|
| Founded | 2018 | [f2] |
| HQ | New York, NY | [f2] |
| Latest funding | Series B, $15 million, June 2023, led by Felicis Ventures | [f3] |
| Product | What it does |
|---|---|
| Oso Cloud | Centralized authorization service built on the Polar policy language, providing fine-grained access control (RBAC, ReBAC, ABAC) to applications through APIs and SDKs. |
| Oso for Agents | Discovers AI agents across endpoints and browsers, monitors agent sessions, and alerts on unsanctioned usage or sensitive data. Policy-based controls are in development. |
AI Defense Matrix
| Govern | Identify | Protect | Detect | Respond | Recover | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AI-Workload Platforms Inference servers, training platforms, vector DB platforms, and the model-loading supply chain. | ||||||
| AI Orchestration Tools Agentic orchestration tools, plus their plugins, skills, hooks, system prompts, scaffolding, harnesses, configuration settings, and MCP clients on user devices. | ||||||
| AI-Generated Code Code produced by AI tools, AI-assisted reviews, AI-generated infrastructure-as-code and tests, and vibe-coded apps that bypass CI/CD. | ||||||
| AI Gateways & Routers MCP proxies and gateways, LLM routers, outbound AI-service traffic, shadow AI egress, and model-registry traffic. | ||||||
| AI Model Model weights, fine-tuning checkpoints, model cards, registries, AIBOM, and the third-party LLMs your enterprise consumes. | ||||||
| Training Data Datasets used for training, fine-tuning, and continued learning. | ||||||
| Runtime AI Data User prompts, inference inputs, RAG content, vector DB content, persistent agent memory, and interaction history. | ||||||
| AI Agent Identities AI agents as non-human principals, plus credentials, keys, permission scopes, service accounts, and delegation chains across agents and tools. |
Oso for Agents discovers AI agents across endpoints and browsers, monitors agent sessions through an edge proxy, and alerts on unsanctioned usage and sensitive data. These capabilities are mapped to the AI Defense Matrix. [f4]
Cyber Defense Matrix
| Identify | Protect | Detect | Respond | Recover | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Devices Workstations, servers, phones, tablets, storage, network devices, IoT infrastructure, and similar hardware. | |||||
| Applications Software, interactions, and application flows on the devices. | |||||
| Networks Connections and traffic flowing among devices and apps, plus communication paths. | |||||
| Data Content at rest, in transit, or in use across devices, apps, and networks. | |||||
| Users The people using the devices, apps, networks, and data. |
Oso Cloud enforces fine-grained authorization for applications, deciding which actions each user or service may perform against an application's resources. It is mapped to the Cyber Defense Matrix. [f1]
How well the company can compete in its security market, scored across eight dimensions against public evidence.
| Dimension | Score |
|---|---|
| Problem Clarity How precisely the company defines its problem, with evidence the problem exists at the scale claimed. | 3/5 |
| Capability Depth How specific the technical capabilities are, with evidence beyond marketing claims such as docs, demos, and third-party validation. | 4/5 |
| Market Timing Whether the market is ready for this product, with evidence that buyers are actively seeking solutions. | 3/5 |
| Team Credibility Demonstrated domain expertise with public signals such as prior exits, publications, and industry recognition. | 3/5 |
| GTM Proof Evidence of actual traction (customers, revenue signals, partnerships) beyond stated intentions. | 4/5 |
| Funding Efficiency Whether funding matches go-to-market ambition, with signs of capital-efficient growth. | 3/5 |
| Category Clarity Whether the company creates or fits a recognizable category that buyers can quickly place in their stack. | 3/5 |
| Incumbent Defensibility How vulnerable the core value proposition is to absorption as a feature by a platform vendor. | 3/5 |
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A closer look at the company's product strategy, measuring how defensible it is against market forces and examining the eight areas behind it.
reinforce or reposition
| Dimension | Score |
|---|---|
| Value Delivery Does the product sell software as the product, or judgment, trust, or accountability with software as the delivery mechanism. | 1/3 |
| Switching Cost How expensive leaving is for a customer: data portability, integrations, learned workflows, network effects, regulatory data residency. | 3/3 |
| Compliance Moat Whether certifications, liability acceptance, or audit trails block an easy replacement. | 1/3 |
| Problem Complexity Whether the product requires ML, optimization, real-time systems, or years of specialized expertise. | 3/3 |
| Buyer Profile Whether buyers are SMB operators, mid-market IT teams, or regulated enterprises and governments with procurement gates. | 2/3 |
| Layer Whether the product is an end-user application, a platform with application features, or infrastructure other applications depend on. | 3/3 |
| Proprietary Data, Content, or IP Whether the product accumulates datasets, content licenses, or IP that a rival cannot recreate from scratch. | 1/3 |
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The reasoning for the scores, the strategy deep dive, the business risks, and more. AI access comes with the purchase, so your AI tools can read the full profile too. You keep 12 months of access.
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UnlockReading several? Unlock the entire catalog.
| Id | Source | Tier | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|
| f1 | Oso Cloud documentation | official | 2026-07-04 |
| f2 | TechCrunch: Oso announces $8.2M Series A | press | 2026-07-04 |
| f3 | TechCrunch: Oso sees huge opportunity in simplifying authorization | press | 2026-07-04 |
| f4 | Oso (AI Defense Matrix Catalog) | other | 2026-07-04 |
| Id | Source | Tier | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|
| s1 | Oso homepage with customer logos and testimonials “Visibility and controls to secure agents. Trusted by Verizon, Visa, Wayfair, Brex, Duolingo. Testimonials: Evan Ziebart, Duolingo; Jiří Brunclík, Productboard; Brian Scanlan, Intercom. Read a series of technical guides on application authorization in the Authorization Academy.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s2 | Oso Cloud documentation “Oso Cloud is a centralized authorization service built on Polar, our logic programming language designed for expressing permission systems. Polar can express any model, including RBAC, ReBAC, ABAC. You call our APIs via HTTP or SDKs.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s3 | Oso for Agents overview documentation “AI coding agents run with real access to your systems. Discover: Oso inventories AI agents across endpoints, browsers, and network traffic. Monitor: Oso captures every prompt, completion, and tool call. Detect: Oso generates alerts. Control: Coming soon.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s4 | Oso for Agents pricing page “Developer $0 user/mo. A user is a human invoking agents. There's no limit to the number of agents associated with a single user. Volume pricing: set up a meeting to discuss annual contracts + volume pricing.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s5 | Oso About Us page with leadership “Seven years building permissions for humans taught us how and why those models fail for agents. Oso gives organizations the visibility and controls to get their arms around agent adoption. Leadership: Graham Neray, CEO and Founder. Nick Kucharski, CTO.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s6 | TechCrunch: Oso announces $8.2M Series A “Oso announces $8.2M Series A. The company, which launched in 2018, has nine employees. Neray and co-founder and CTO Sam Scott are building a diverse company as they grow.” | press | 2026-07-04 |
| s7 | TechCrunch: Oso Series B, product-led growth “the company added Oso Cloud last year with ARR from that product growing 20% month over month. doing this without any outbound sales. keeping the company lean with just 13 employees. But with the $15 million investment. led the team at Felicis to lead this round. We also have Sequoia who led prior.” | press | 2026-07-04 |
| s8 | The New Stack: Oso Focuses on Fine-Grained Authorization To Thwart AI Risks “Oso advocates the idea of automated least privilege. Broken access control tops the list on OWASP's Top 10 web application security risks. No one's shipping AI workloads that touch sensitive data because they don't feel like they have a handle on security, Neray said.” | press | 2026-07-04 |
| s9 | Oso (AI Defense Matrix Catalog) “Discovers shadow AI agents across endpoints and browsers, monitors agent sessions through an edge proxy, and alerts on unsanctioned usage and sensitive data. Deployment: SaaS.” | other | 2026-07-04 |
| s10 | Oso: Announcing SOC 2 Certification “Trust your centralized authorization service: Announcing SOC 2 Certification and Oso Fallback.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s11 | Oso trust center on Vanta (trust.osohq.com) “Vanta-hosted trust center. Lists a SOC 2 Type II report (2025), penetration tests, a 2026 SOC 2 bridge letter, controls, and subprocessors, with reports gated behind a request-access control.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s12 | SEC EDGAR: Oso Security Inc. Form D (CIK 0001775888, filed 2019-05-10) “entityName Oso Security Inc. Related persons: Graham Neray, Samuel Scott. yearOfInc 2018. totalAmountSold 2743999. industryGroupType Other Technology.” | regulatory | 2026-07-04 |
| s13 | sph.sh: Cedar vs Rego vs OpenFGA policy language comparison “Managed Service: Cedar - AWS Verified Permissions; Rego - Sunset; OpenFGA DSL - Auth0/Okta FGA; Cerbos YAML/CEL - Cerbos Hub. Open Source: Cedar SDK; OPA (CNCF); OpenFGA; Cerbos PDP.” | research | 2026-07-04 |
| s14 | GitHub: osohq/oso open-source library (deprecated) “oso. Deprecated: See README.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s15 | Oso Least Privilege Report 2026 (Oso x Cyera) “Least Privilege Report 2026 [Oso x Cyera]. Your employees ignore 96% of their permissions. Agents won't.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| Id | Source | Tier | Accessed |
|---|---|---|---|
| s1 | Oso homepage with customer logos and testimonials “Visibility and controls to secure agents. Trusted by Verizon, Visa, Wayfair, Brex, Duolingo. Testimonials: Evan Ziebart, Duolingo; Jiří Brunclík, Productboard; Brian Scanlan, Intercom. Read a series of technical guides on application authorization in the Authorization Academy.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s2 | Oso Cloud documentation “Oso Cloud is a centralized authorization service built on Polar, our logic programming language designed for expressing permission systems. Polar can express any model, including RBAC, ReBAC, ABAC. You call our APIs via HTTP or SDKs.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s3 | Oso for Agents overview documentation “Discover: Oso continuously inventories AI agents across endpoints, browsers, and network traffic. Monitor: Oso captures every prompt, completion, and tool call. Detect: Oso generates alerts. Alerts are delivered via Slack with links to investigation details. Control: Coming soon.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s4 | Oso for Agents pricing page “Developer $0 user/mo. What counts as a user? A user is a human invoking agents. There's no limit to the number of agents associated with a single user. Do you offer volume pricing? Yes. You can set up a meeting with us to discuss our annual contracts + volume pricing.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s5 | Oso About Us page with leadership “Seven years building permissions for humans taught us how and why those models fail for agents. Oso gives organizations the visibility and controls to get their arms around agent adoption. Leadership: Graham Neray, CEO and Founder. Nick Kucharski, CTO.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s6 | TechCrunch: Oso announces $8.2M Series A “the company, which launched in 2018, has nine employees. Neray and co-founder and CTO Sam Scott are thinking carefully about how to build a diverse, inclusive and equitable company as they grow.” | press | 2026-07-04 |
| s7 | TechCrunch: Oso Series B, product-led growth “the company added Oso Cloud last year with ARR from that product growing 20% month over month. doing this without any outbound sales. keeping the company lean with just 13 employees. But with the $15 million investment. led the team at Felicis to lead this round.” | press | 2026-07-04 |
| s8 | The New Stack: Oso Focuses on Fine-Grained Authorization To Thwart AI Risks “Oso advocates the idea of automated least privilege. Broken access control tops the list on OWASP's Top 10 web application security risks. Today, Oso gives you the building blocks, and in the future, Oso will give you a much more turnkey solution, Neray said.” | press | 2026-07-04 |
| s9 | Oso (AI Defense Matrix Catalog) “Discovers shadow AI agents across endpoints and browsers, monitors agent sessions through an edge proxy, and alerts on unsanctioned usage and sensitive data. Deployment: SaaS.” | other | 2026-07-04 |
| s10 | Oso: Announcing SOC 2 Certification “Trust your centralized authorization service: Announcing SOC 2 Certification and Oso Fallback.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s11 | Oso trust center on Vanta (trust.osohq.com) “Vanta-hosted trust center. Lists a SOC 2 Type II report (2025), penetration tests, a 2026 SOC 2 bridge letter, controls, and subprocessors, with reports gated behind a request-access control.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
| s12 | SEC EDGAR: Oso Security Inc. Form D (CIK 0001775888, filed 2019-05-10) “entityName Oso Security Inc. Related persons: Graham Neray, Samuel Scott. yearOfInc 2018. totalAmountSold 2743999. industryGroupType Other Technology.” | regulatory | 2026-07-04 |
| s13 | sph.sh: Cedar vs Rego vs OpenFGA policy language comparison “Managed Service: Cedar - AWS Verified Permissions; OpenFGA DSL - Auth0/Okta FGA; Cerbos YAML/CEL - Cerbos Hub. Open Source: Cedar SDK; OPA (CNCF); OpenFGA; Cerbos PDP.” | research | 2026-07-04 |
| s14 | GitHub: osohq/oso open-source library (deprecated) “oso. Deprecated: See README.” | official | 2026-07-04 |
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